Adipocytes, also known as adipose cells or fat cells, are the cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, which is a specialized connective tissue that stores energy in the form of triglycerides (a type of fat). These cells are responsible for the storage and release of fat, and also play a role in regulating metabolism, maintaining body temperature, and cushioning and insulating the body.
The adipocyte cell itself has a characteristic "bulging" appearance, due to the large droplet of fat that it contains. Adipocytes are formed during the process of adipogenesis, which is the differentiation of precursor cells into mature fat cells. This process can occur both during embryonic development and in adulthood, and is regulated by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.
When the body needs to release energy, adipocytes will release their stored triglycerides into the bloodstream, where they can be transported to other cells to be used as fuel. This process is known as lipolysis. The reverse process of lipogenesis is when the body stores energy by taking glucose and other molecules and convert them into triglycerides to be stored in adipocyte
Adipose tissue can be found in various locations in the body, including subcutaneous (beneath the skin) and visceral (around internal organs) depots. The amount and distribution of body fat can have a significant impact on overall health, and imbalances in adipocyte function can contribute to a range of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders.
Acorn has successfully differentiated banked follicle cells into adipocytes and are looking forward to potential uses in regenerative medicine applications.